RFID, dzina lonse ndi Radio Frequency Identification. Ndiukadaulo wodziwikiratu wodziwikiratu womwe umangodziwikitsa zinthu zomwe zikufuna kulumikizidwa ndikupeza zidziwitso zoyenera kudzera pama siginecha a wailesi. Ntchito yozindikiritsa sikufuna kulowererapo pamanja ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ukadaulo wa RFID umatha kuzindikira zinthu zothamanga kwambiri ndikuzindikira ma tag angapo nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yofulumira komanso yabwino.

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) ndi tekinoloje yodzizindikiritsa yokha yomwe simalumikizana ndi munthu yomwe imadziwikiratu zinthu zomwe mukufuna kutsata ndikupeza deta yofunikira kudzera pa ma siginecha a wailesi. Ntchito yozindikiritsa sikufuna kulowererapo pamanja. Ma tag awa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma tag, tinyanga, ndi owerenga. Owerenga amatumiza chizindikiro cha mawayilesi pafupipafupi kudzera mu mlongoti. Chizindikirocho chikalowa mu mphamvu ya maginito, magetsi opangidwa amapangidwa kuti apeze mphamvu ndikutumiza zomwe zasungidwa mu chip kwa owerenga. Wowerenga amawerenga zomwe zalembedwazo, kuzilemba, ndikuzitumiza ku kompyuta. Dongosolo limachichita.

RFID label imagwira ntchito motere:

1. Pambuyo pa chizindikiro cha RFID chimalowa mu mphamvu ya maginito, imalandira chizindikiro cha mawayilesi otumizidwa ndi owerenga RFID.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu zomwe mwapeza kuchokera kumagetsi opangidwa kuti mutumize zinthu zomwe zasungidwa mu chip (Passive RFID Tag), kapena kutumiza mwachangu chizindikiro cha pafupipafupi (Active RFID Tag).

3. Owerenga akawerenga ndikuzindikira chidziwitsocho, chimatumizidwa ku dongosolo lachidziwitso chapakati kuti lizigwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.

Dongosolo lofunikira kwambiri la RFID lili ndi magawo atatu:

1. RFID Tag: Imapangidwa ndi zida zolumikizirana ndi tchipisi. Chizindikiro chilichonse cha RFID chili ndi code yapadera yamagetsi ndipo imamangiriridwa ku chinthucho kuti chizindikire chinthu chomwe mukufuna. Amadziwika kuti ma tag apakompyuta kapena ma smart tag.

2. RFID Antenna: imatumiza ma frequency a wailesi pakati pa ma tag ndi owerenga.

Nthawi zambiri, mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya RFID ndikutumiza siginecha yawayilesi kupita ku tag kudzera mu mlongoti, ndiyeno chizindikirocho chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zimapezedwa ndi zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zitumize zomwe zasungidwa mu chip. Pomaliza, owerenga amawerenga zambiri, amazisintha ndikuzitumiza kumagulu apakati a Information amachita processing data.

Ma tag a RFID nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana osungira kapena magawo omwe amatha kusunga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chizindikiritso ndi deta. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakumbukiro yomwe imapezeka m'ma tag a RFID ndi:

1. TID (Tag Identifier): TID ndi chizindikiritso chapadera choperekedwa ndi wopanga ma tag. Ndi chikumbukiro chowerenga chokha chomwe chili ndi nambala yapaderadera ndi zidziwitso zina zokhudzana ndi tagi, monga khodi ya wopanga kapena zambiri zamitundu. TID singasinthidwe kapena kulembedwa.

2. EPC (Electronic Product Code): Kukumbukira kwa EPC kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunga chizindikiritso chapadziko lonse lapansi (EPC) cha chinthu chilichonse kapena chinthu. Amapereka ma code owerengeka pakompyuta omwe amazindikira mwapadera ndikutsata zinthu zomwe zili mkati mwa chain chain kapena inventory management system.

3. USER Memory: Chikumbutso cha Wogwiritsa ntchito ndi malo osungiramo ogwiritsidwa ntchito mu tag ya RFID yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusunga deta yosinthidwa kapena zambiri malinga ndi ntchito kapena zofunikira. Nthawi zambiri imakhala kukumbukira-kulemba, kulola ogwiritsa ntchito ovomerezeka kusintha deta. Kukula kwa kukumbukira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zomwe tagiyo ili nayo.

4. Memory Yosungidwa: Kukumbukira kosungidwa kumatanthawuza gawo la malo okumbukira zomwe zasungidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo kapena zolinga zapadera. Itha kusungidwa ndi wopanga zilembo kuti agwiritse ntchito mtsogolo kapena kachitidwe kantchito kapena zofunikira zina za pulogalamu. Kukula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira kosungidwa kumatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kapangidwe kachidziwitso ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito komwe mukufuna.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mtundu wa kukumbukira ndi mphamvu zake zimatha kusiyana pakati pa ma tag a RFID, chifukwa tag iliyonse ikhoza kukhala ndi kasinthidwe kake kake ka kukumbukira.

Pankhani yaukadaulo wa RFID, UHF nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina a RFID. Ma tag a UHF RFID ndi owerenga amagwira ntchito pafupipafupi pakati pa 860 MHz ndi 960 MHz. Makina a UHF RFID ali ndi magawo owerengera nthawi yayitali komanso ma data apamwamba kuposa machitidwe otsika kwambiri a RFID. Ma tag awa amadziwika ndi kukula kwaling'ono, kulemera kwake, kulimba kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri kuwerenga / kulemba komanso chitetezo chapamwamba, chomwe chimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamabizinesi akuluakulu ndikuwongolera kuyendetsa bwino kwa kayendetsedwe kazinthu komanso zopindulitsa m'malo monga anti. -chinyengo ndi traceability. Chifukwa chake, ndizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito monga kasamalidwe ka zinthu, kutsata katundu ndi kuwongolera mwayi.

EPCglobal ndi mgwirizano pakati pa International Association for Article Numbering (EAN) ndi United States Uniform Code Council (UCC). Ndi bungwe lopanda phindu lomwe lidalamulidwa ndi makampaniwa ndipo limayang'anira mulingo wapadziko lonse wa netiweki ya EPC kuti izindikire mwachangu, mwachangu komanso molondola zinthu zomwe zili mumsika wogulitsa. Cholinga cha EPCglobal ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde a EPC padziko lonse lapansi.

EPC (Electronic Product Code) ndi chizindikiritso chapadera chomwe chimaperekedwa ku chinthu chilichonse chomwe chili mu tagi ya RFID (Radio Frequency Identification).

Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya EPC ikhoza kufotokozedwa mophweka monga: kulumikiza zinthu ku ma tag apakompyuta kudzera mu teknoloji ya RFID, pogwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi kuti apereke deta ndikuzindikiritsa. Dongosolo la EPC makamaka lili ndi magawo atatu: ma tag, owerenga ndi malo opangira ma data. Ma tag ndi maziko a dongosolo la EPC. Amalumikizidwa ndi zinthu ndipo amakhala ndi chizindikiritso chapadera ndi zidziwitso zina zokhudzana ndi zinthuzo. Wowerenga amalumikizana ndi tag kudzera pa mafunde a wailesi ndikuwerenga zomwe zasungidwa pa tagiyo. Malo opangira ma data amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulandira, kusunga ndi kukonza zomwe zimawerengedwa ndi ma tag.

Makina a EPC amapereka zopindulitsa monga kuwongolera bwino kwazinthu, kuchepetsa kuyesayesa kwapamanja pakutsata zinthu, kugwira ntchito mwachangu komanso molondola kwambiri, komanso kutsimikizika kwazinthu. Mawonekedwe ake okhazikika amalimbikitsa kugwirizana pakati pa machitidwe osiyanasiyana ndikupangitsa kusakanikirana kosasinthika m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

EPC Gen 2, yachidule ya Electronic Product Code Generation 2, ndi muyeso wapadera wama tag a RFID ndi owerenga. EPC Gen 2 ndi njira yatsopano yolumikizira mpweya yomwe idavomerezedwa ndi EPCglobal, bungwe lopanda phindu, mu 2004 lomwe silimamasula mamembala a EPCglobal ndi mayunitsi omwe asayina pangano la EPCglobal IP kuchokera ku chindapusa cha patent. Muyezo uwu ndiye maziko aukadaulo wa EPCglobal network of radio frequency identification (RFID), intaneti ndi Electronic Product Code (EPC).

Ndi imodzi mwamiyezo yovomerezeka kwambiri paukadaulo wa RFID, makamaka pamakina ogulitsa ndi malonda ogulitsa.

EPC Gen 2 ndi gawo la muyezo wa EPCglobal, womwe cholinga chake ndi kupereka njira yokhazikika yodziwira ndi kutsata malonda pogwiritsa ntchito RFID. Imatanthawuza njira zoyankhulirana ndi magawo a ma tag a RFID ndi owerenga, kuwonetsetsa kugwirizana ndi kugwirizana pakati pa opanga osiyanasiyana.

ISO 18000-6 ndi njira yolumikizira mpweya yopangidwa ndi International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndiukadaulo wa RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). Imatchula njira zoyankhulirana ndi malamulo otumizira deta pakati pa owerenga RFID ndi ma tag.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ISO 18000-6, yomwe ISO 18000-6C ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. ISO 18000-6C imalongosola ndondomeko ya mawonekedwe a mpweya a machitidwe a UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID. Imadziwikanso kuti EPC Gen2 (Electronic Product Code Generation 2), ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina a UHF RFID.

ISO 18000-6C imatanthawuza ma protocol, ma data ndi ma seti amalamulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pakati pa ma tag a UHF RFID ndi owerenga. Imatchulanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma tag a UHF RFID, omwe safuna gwero lamphamvu lamkati ndipo m'malo mwake amadalira mphamvu yochokera kwa owerenga kuti agwire ntchito.

Protocol ya ISO 18000-6 ili ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ambiri monga kasamalidwe ka zinthu, kuyang'anira kasamalidwe kazinthu, kudana ndi zinthu zabodza, komanso kuyang'anira antchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito protocol ya ISO 18000-6, ukadaulo wa RFID utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana kuti muzindikire mwachangu komanso molondola ndikutsata zinthu.

RFID ndi barcode ali ndi zabwino zawo ndi zochitika zomwe zimagwira ntchito, palibe mwayi uliwonse komanso kuipa. RFID ndiyabwino kwambiri kuposa barcode muzinthu zina, mwachitsanzo:

1. Kusungirako: Ma tag a RFID amatha kusunga zambiri, kuphatikiza zidziwitso zoyambira za chinthucho, zidziwitso zamakhalidwe, zambiri zopanga, zambiri zofalitsa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti RFID ikhale yogwira ntchito kwambiri pamayendedwe ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu, ndipo imatha kutsatiridwanso kumayendedwe amoyo wa chinthu chilichonse.

2. Kuthamanga kwa kuwerenga: ma tag a RFID amawerenga mwachangu, amatha kuwerenga ma tag angapo pojambula, kuwongolera bwino kwambiri.

3. Kuwerenga kosalumikizana: Ma tag a RFID amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wama radio pafupipafupi, amatha kuzindikira kuwerenga kosalumikizana. Mtunda pakati pa owerenga ndi chizindikirocho ukhoza kukhala mkati mwa mamita angapo, popanda kufunikira kugwirizanitsa chizindikirocho, amatha kuzindikira kuwerenga kwa batch ndi kuwerenga kwautali.

4. Encoding ndi kusinthidwa dynamically: RFID Tags akhoza encoded, kulola deta kusungidwa ndi kusinthidwa. Momwe zinthu zilili komanso malo azinthu zitha kujambulidwa pa tag mu nthawi yeniyeni, zomwe zimathandiza kutsata ndikuyang'anira mayendedwe ndi zinthu munthawi yeniyeni. Ma barcode, kumbali ina, amakhala osasunthika ndipo sangasinthe kapena kusintha deta pambuyo pa kupanga sikani.

5. Kudalirika kwakukulu ndi kulimba: Ma tag a RFID nthawi zambiri amakhala odalirika kwambiri komanso okhazikika ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito m'malo ovuta monga kutentha, chinyezi ndi kuipitsa. Ma tag amatha kuikidwa muzinthu zolimba kuti ateteze chizindikirocho. Kumbali ina, ma barcode amatha kuwonongeka, monga kukwapula, kusweka kapena kuipitsidwa, zomwe zingayambitse kusawerengeka kapena kuwerenga molakwika.

Komabe, ma barcode ali ndi zabwino zake, monga mtengo wotsika, kusinthasintha, komanso kuphweka. Muzochitika zina, ma barcode angakhale abwino kwambiri, monga kasamalidwe kakang'ono kazinthu ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu, zochitika zomwe zimafuna kufufuzidwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi, ndi zina zotero.

Chifukwa chake, kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito RFID kapena barcode kuyenera kutengera zochitika ndi zosowa zina. Pakufunika kowerengera bwino, mwachangu, patali zazidziwitso zambiri, RFID ikhoza kukhala yoyenera; ndipo pakufunika mtengo wotsika, zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zochitika, bar code ingakhale yoyenera.

Ngakhale ukadaulo wa RFID uli ndi zabwino zambiri, sizingalowe m'malo mwa ma bar code. Ukadaulo wa barcode ndi RFID uli ndi maubwino ake apadera komanso zochitika zomwe zimagwira ntchito.

Barcode ndiukadaulo wandalama komanso wotsika mtengo, wosinthika komanso wothandiza, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogulitsa, kugulitsa zinthu ndi magawo ena. Komabe, ili ndi mphamvu yaing'ono yosungiramo deta, yomwe imatha kusunga kachidindo, chidziwitso chaching'ono chosungirako, ndipo imatha kusunga manambala, Chingerezi, zilembo, ndi kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso cha 128 ASCII. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikofunikira kuwerenga nambala yosungidwa kuti muyitane zomwe zili mu netiweki yamakompyuta kuti zizindikirike.

Ukadaulo wa RFID, kumbali ina, uli ndi mphamvu yokulirapo yosungiramo deta ndipo ukhoza kutsatiridwa ndi moyo wonse wagawo lililonse. Zimatengera ukadaulo wa ma radio frequency ndipo zitha kusungidwa mwachinsinsi kapena kutetezedwa ndi mawu achinsinsi kuti zitsimikizire kuti detayo ndi yotetezeka komanso yotetezeka. Ma tag a RFID amatha kusungidwa ndipo amatha kuwerengedwa, kusinthidwa, ndi kutsegulidwa ndi mawonekedwe ena akunja kuti apange kusinthanitsa kwa data.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale ukadaulo wa RFID uli ndi zabwino zambiri, sizingalowe m'malo mwa ma bar code. Muzochitika zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito, awiriwa amatha kuthandizirana ndikugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti azindikire zodziwikiratu ndikutsata zinthu.

Zolemba za RFID zimatha kusunga mitundu yambiri yazidziwitso, kuphatikiza koma osati izi:

Ma tag a RFID amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza koma osalekezera ku:

1. Logistics: Makampani opanga zinthu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma tag a RFID kutsata katundu, kuwongolera kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kayendetsedwe kake ndi kulondola, komanso kupereka ntchito zabwinoko zogulira makasitomala.

2. Kugulitsa: ogulitsa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma tag a RFID kuti azitsatira zowerengera, malo ogulitsa ndi malonda, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi kasamalidwe.

3. Kugulitsa: Ogulitsa amagwiritsa ntchito ma tag a RFID poyang'anira zosungira katundu, kuwongolera katundu ndi kupewa kuba. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi masitolo ogulitsa zovala, masitolo akuluakulu, ogulitsa zamagetsi ndi mabizinesi ena ogulitsa.

4. Kasamalidwe ka katundu: Ma tag a RFID amagwiritsidwa ntchito potsata katundu ndi kasamalidwe m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Mabungwe amawagwiritsa ntchito kutsata zinthu zamtengo wapatali, zida, zida, ndi zosungira. Makampani monga zomangamanga, IT, maphunziro ndi mabungwe aboma amagwiritsa ntchito ma tag a RFID pakuwongolera katundu.

5. Malaibulale: Ma tag a RFID amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malaibulale kuti azitha kuyang'anira bwino mabuku kuphatikiza kubwereketsa, kubwereketsa ndi kuwongolera zinthu.

Ma tag a RFID atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zilizonse zomwe zimayenera kutsatiridwa, kuzindikira ndikuwongolera. Zotsatira zake, ma tag a RFID amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mafakitale ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza makampani opanga zinthu, ogulitsa, zipatala, opanga, malaibulale, ndi zina zambiri.

Mtengo wa ma tag a RFID umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zingapo, monga mtundu wa tag, kukula kwake, mtundu wowerengera, kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira, kaya pamafunika kulemba zilembo kapena kubisa, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi zambiri, ma tag a RFID ali ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imatha kuchoka pa masenti angapo mpaka makumi angapo a madola, kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Ma tag ena odziwika a RFID, monga ma tag wamba a RFID omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogulitsa ndi kugulitsa zinthu, nthawi zambiri amadula pakati pa masenti ochepa ndi madola angapo. Ndipo ma tag ena a RFID apamwamba kwambiri, monga ma tag a RFID othamanga kwambiri potsata ndi kuyang'anira katundu, atha kuwononga ndalama zambiri.

Ndikofunikiranso kudziwa kuti mtengo wa tag ya RFID siwokhawokha. Palinso ndalama zina zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa potumiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la RFID, monga mtengo wa owerenga ndi tinyanga, mtengo wa kusindikiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma tag, mtengo wophatikizira dongosolo ndi chitukuko cha mapulogalamu, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, posankha ma tag a RFID, muyenera kuganizira mtengo wa ma tag ndi ndalama zina zofananira kuti musankhe mtundu wa tag ndi wopereka zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zosowa zanu.