I-RFID, igama elipheleleyo yi-Radio Frequency Identification. Bubuchwephesha bokuchonga obuzenzekelayo obuzichonga ngokuzenzekelayo izinto ekujoliswe kuzo kwaye bufumane idatha efanelekileyo ngeesiginali zerediyo. Umsebenzi wokuchonga awufuni ungenelelo lwezandla kwaye unokusebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezinzima. Itekhnoloji yeRFID inokuchonga izinto ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye zichonge iithegi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, zenze umsebenzi ukhawuleze kwaye ulungele.

Ithegi yeRFID (iRadio Frequency Identification) yitekhnoloji yokuchonga ezenzekelayo echonga ngokuzenzekelayo izinto ekujoliswe kuzo kwaye ifumane idatha efanelekileyo ngemiqondiso yamaza kanomathotholo. Umsebenzi wokuchonga awufuni ungenelelo lwezandla. Ezi thegi zihlala zinethegi, ii-eriyali, kunye nabafundi. Umfundi uthumela isignali yerediyo yefrikhwensi ethile nge-eriyali. Xa ithegi ingena kwintsimi yamagnetic, i-current induced ikhiqizwa ukufumana amandla kwaye ithumele ulwazi olugcinwe kwi-chip kumfundi. Umfundi ufunda inkcazelo, ayichaze, aze ayithumele ekhompyutheni. Inkqubo iyayiqhuba.

Ileyibhile yeRFID isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Emva kokuba ileyibhile yeRFID ingene kumhlaba wemagnethi, ifumana isignali yefrikhwensi yerediyo ethunyelwa ngumfundi weRFID.

2. Sebenzisa amandla afunyenwe kumbane owenziweyo ukuthumela ulwazi lwemveliso olugcinwe kwitshiphu (Passive RFID Tag), okanye ngokusebenzayo uthumele umqondiso wefrikhwensi ethile (Active RFID Tag).

3. Emva kokuba umfundi eyifundile kwaye ayihlube ingcaciso, ithunyelwa kwisistim yengcaciso esembindini ukwenzela ukusetyenzwa kwedatha efanelekileyo.

Eyona nkqubo isisiseko yeRFID inamacandelo amathathu:

1. I-RFID Tag: Iqulunqwe ngamacandelo okudibanisa kunye neetshiphusi. Ithegi nganye ye-RFID inekhowudi eyodwa ye-elektroniki kwaye iqhotyoshelwe kwinto ukuchonga into ekujoliswe kuyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwaziwa njengeethegi ze-elektroniki okanye iithegi ezihlakaniphile.

2. I-Antenna ye-RFID: ihambisa iisiginali zerediyo zamaza phakathi kweethegi kunye nabafundi.

Ngokubanzi, umgaqo osebenzayo we-RFID kukusasaza isiginali yefrikhwensi kanomathotholo kwithegi nge-eriyali, kwaye ithegi isebenzisa amandla afunyenwe ngamandla akhoyo ukuthumela ulwazi lwemveliso olugcinwe kwitshiphu. Ekugqibeleni, umfundi ufunda ulwazi, aluchaze kwaye aluthumele kwiinkqubo zoLwazi oluphakathi lwenza ukucubungula idatha.

Iithegi ze-RFID zihlala zineendawo ezahlukeneyo zokugcina okanye izahlulo ezinokugcina iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuchongwa kunye nedatha. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zememori ezifunyanwa rhoqo kwiithegi zeRFID zezi:

1. I-TID (Isichongi seTag): I-TID sisiphawuli esisodwa esinikezelwe ngumenzi wethegi. Yinkumbulo efundwayo kuphela equlethe inombolo yothotho eyodwa kunye nolunye ulwazi oluthe ngqo kwithegi, njengekhowudi yomenzi okanye iinkcukacha zenguqulelo. I-TID ayinakuguqulwa okanye ibhalwe ngaphezulu.

2. I-EPC (iKhowudi yeMveliso yeKhompyutha): Imemori ye-EPC isetyenziselwa ukugcina i-identifier ekhethekileyo yehlabathi (EPC) yemveliso nganye okanye into. Ibonelela ngeekhowudi ezifundeka ngombane ezichonga ngokukodwa kwaye zilandelele izinto zomntu ngamnye ngaphakathi kwekhonkco lonikezelo okanye inkqubo yolawulo lwempahla.

3. Imemori yoMsebenzisi: Imemori yomsebenzisi yindawo yokugcina echazwe ngumsebenzisi kwithegi yeRFID engasetyenziselwa ukugcina idatha eyenziwe ngokwezifiso okanye ulwazi ngokwezicelo ezithile okanye iimfuno. Ngokuqhelekileyo yinkumbulo efundwayo, evumela abasebenzisi abagunyazisiweyo ukuba baguqule idatha. Ubungakanani bememori yomsebenzisi buyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zethegi.

4. Imemori egciniweyo: Imemori egciniweyo ibhekisa kwindawo yethegi yememori egcinelwe ukusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo okanye iinjongo ezizodwa. Inokugcinwa ngumvelisi weleyibhile ukwenzela uphawu lwexesha elizayo okanye uphuhliso lomsebenzi okanye iimfuno ezithile zesicelo. Ubungakanani kunye nokusetyenziswa kwememori egciniweyo inokwahluka ngokusekelwe kuyilo lwethegi kunye nokusetyenziswa okujoliswe kuko.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uhlobo oluthile lwememori kunye nomthamo walo unokwahluka phakathi kweemodeli zethegi ye-RFID, njengoko ithegi nganye inokuba noqwalaselo lwememori eyodwa.

Ngokwetekhnoloji ye-RFID, i-UHF iqhele ukusetyenziselwa iinkqubo zeRFID ezingenzi nto. Iithegi ze-UHF RFID kunye nabafundi zisebenza kwiifrikhwensi phakathi kwe-860 MHz kunye ne-960 MHz. Iinkqubo ze-UHF RFID zinoluhlu olude lokufunda kunye namazinga edatha aphezulu kuneenkqubo zeRFID eziphantsi. Ezi tags zibonakaliswa ngobungakanani obuncinci, ubunzima obulula, ukuqina okuphezulu, isantya sokufunda / ukubhala ngokukhawuleza kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu, olunokuthi luhlangabezane neemfuno zezicelo zoshishino ezinkulu kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokulawulwa kokunikezelwa kunye neenzuzo kwiindawo ezifana ne-anti. -inkohliso kunye nokulandeleka. Ngoko ke, zifaneleke kakuhle kwizicelo ezifana nolawulo lwempahla, ukulandelwa kwempahla kunye nokulawula ukufikelela.

I-EPCglobal yindibaniselwano phakathi kwe-International Association for Article Numbering (EAN) kunye ne-United States Uniform Code Council (UCC). Ingumbutho ongenzi nzuzo ogunyaziswe lishishini kwaye unoxanduva lomgangatho wehlabathi wenethiwekhi ye-EPC ngokukhawuleza, ngokuzenzekelayo nangokuchanekileyo ukuchonga iimpahla kwikhonkco lokubonelela. Injongo ye-EPCglobal kukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweenethiwekhi ze-EPC kwihlabathi jikelele.

I-EPC (iKhowudi yeMveliso yoMbane) sisiphawuli esisodwa esinikezelwe kwimveliso nganye efakwe kwithegi yeRFID (iRadio Frequency Identification).

Umgaqo osebenzayo we-EPC unokuchazwa nje ngokuba: ukudibanisa izinto kwiithegi ze-elektroniki ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji ye-RFID, usebenzisa amaza erediyo ukuhanjiswa kwedatha kunye nokuchongwa. Inkqubo ye-EPC ikakhulu iqulethwe ngamacandelo amathathu: iithegi, abafundi kunye namaziko okulungisa idatha. Iithegi zingundoqo wenkqubo ye-EPC.Ziqhotyoshelwe kwizinto kwaye zithwala ukuchongwa okukodwa kunye nolunye ulwazi olufanelekileyo malunga nezinto. Umfundi unxibelelana nethegi ngamaza erediyo kwaye afunde ulwazi olugcinwe kwithegi. Iziko lokucubungula idatha lisetyenziselwa ukufumana, ukugcina kunye nokucwangcisa idatha efundwa ziithegi.

Iinkqubo ze-EPC zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezinjengolawulo oluphuculweyo lwe-inventri, inzame ezincitshisiweyo zezandla ekulandeleni iimveliso, ngokukhawuleza nangokuchaneka ngakumbi kokusebenza kwekhonkco lokubonelela, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwemveliso ephuculweyo. Ifomathi yayo esemgangathweni ikhuthaza ukusebenzisana phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kwaye yenza indibaniselwano engenamthungo phakathi kwamashishini ahlukeneyo.

I-EPC Gen 2, emfutshane ye-Electronic Product Code Generation 2, ngumgangatho othile we-RFID tags kunye nabafundi. I-EPC Gen 2 ngumgangatho omtsha wojongano lomoya ovunywe yi-EPCglobal, umbutho wokulinganisa ongenzi nzuzo, ngo-2004 okhulula amalungu e-EPCglobal kunye neeyunithi ezityikitye isivumelwano se-EPCglobal IP kwimirhumo yelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza. Lo mgangatho usisiseko se-EPCglobal network ye-radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, i-Internet kunye ne-Electronic Product Code (EPC).

Ngomnye wemigangatho eyamkelwa ngokubanzi ye-RFID itekhnoloji, ngakumbi kwikhonkco lokubonelela kunye nezicelo zokuthengisa.

I-EPC Gen 2 yinxalenye yomgangatho we-EPCglobal, ojolise ekuboneleleni ngendlela esemgangathweni yokuchonga kunye nokulandelela iimveliso usebenzisa i-RFID. Ichaza iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano kunye neeparamitha zeethegi zeRFID kunye nabafundi, iqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kunye nokuhambelana phakathi kwabavelisi abahlukeneyo.

I-ISO 18000-6 yinkqubo yojongano lomoya ephuhliswe yi-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ukuze isetyenziswe nge-RFID (i-Radio Frequency Identification) ubuchwepheshe. Icacisa iindlela zonxibelelwano kunye nemithetho yokuhanjiswa kwedatha phakathi kwabafundi be-RFID kunye neethegi.

Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi ze-ISO 18000-6, apho i-ISO 18000-6C yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu. I-ISO 18000-6C ichaza iprothokholi yojongano lomoya kwiinkqubo ze-UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-EPC Gen2 (i-Electronic Product Code Generation 2), ngowona mgangatho usetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-UHF RFID.

I-ISO 18000-6C ichaza iiprothokholi zonxibelelwano, iziseko zedatha kunye neeseti zomyalelo ezisetyenziselwa ukusebenzisana phakathi kweethegi ze-UHF RFID kunye nabafundi. Ibalula ukusetyenziswa kweethegi ze-UHF RFID, ezingadingi mthombo wamandla wangaphakathi kwaye endaweni yoko zixhomekeke kumandla athunyelwa ukusuka kumfundi ukuba asebenze.

Iprothokholi ye-ISO 18000-6 inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nolawulo lolungiselelo, ukulandelela umkhondo wobonelelo, imveliso echasene nenkohliso, kunye nolawulo lwabasebenzi. Ngokusebenzisa iprotocol ye-ISO 18000-6, itekhnoloji yeRFID ingasetyenziswa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo ukufezekisa ukuchongwa okukhawulezileyo nokuchanekileyo kunye nokulandelwa kwezinto.

I-RFID kunye nebhakhowudi zineenzuzo zazo kunye nemiboniso esebenzayo, akukho nto ilungileyo kunye nokungalunganga. I-RFID ingcono ngenene kunebhakhowudi kwezinye iinkalo, umzekelo:

1. Umthamo wokugcina: Iithegi zeRFID zinokugcina ulwazi oluninzi, kubandakanywa nolwazi olusisiseko lwento, ulwazi lwempawu, ulwazi lokuvelisa, ulwazi lokujikeleza. Oku kwenza ukuba i-RFID isebenze ngakumbi kulungiselelo lolungiselelo kunye nolawulo lwe-inventri, kwaye inokulandwa emva kumjikelezo wobomi bento nganye.

2. Isantya sokufunda: Iithegi zeRFID zifundeka ngokukhawuleza, ziyakwazi ukufunda iithegi ezininzi kwiskena, ziphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle.

3. Ufundo olungaqhagamshelwanga: Iithegi zeRFID zisebenzisa itekhnoloji yerediyo yamaza, inokuqonda ukufunda okungaqhagamshelwanga. Umgama phakathi komfundi kunye nethegi unokuba phakathi kweemitha ezimbalwa, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulungelelanisa ngokuthe ngqo ithegi, unokuqonda ukufundwa kwebhetshi kunye nokufunda umgama omde.

4. I-Encoding kunye nohlaziyo oluguquguqukayo: Iithegi zeRFID zinokufakwa ngekhowudi, zivumela idatha ukuba igcinwe kwaye ihlaziywe. Ubume kunye nolwazi lwendawo yezinto zinokurekhodwa kwithegi ngexesha langempela, elinceda ukulandelela nokulawula izinto kunye ne-inventri ngexesha langempela. Iibhakhowudi, kwelinye icala, zimile kwaye azikwazi ukuhlaziya okanye ukuguqula idatha emva kokuskena.

5. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokuqina: iithegi zeRFID zihlala zithembeke kakhulu kwaye zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala nje kuphela. Iithegi zinokuthi zifakwe kwizinto ezizinzileyo ukukhusela ithegi ngokwayo. Iibhakhowudi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyakwazi ukonakala, ezifana nemikrwelo, ukuphuka okanye ukungcoliseka, okunokubangela ukuba ungafundeki okanye ungafundi kakuhle.

Nangona kunjalo, iibhakhowudi zineengenelo zazo, ezinje ngexabiso eliphantsi, ukuba bhetyebhetye, kunye nokulula. Kwezinye iimeko, iibhakhowudi zinokuthi zifaneleke ngakumbi, njengezinto ezincinci kunye nolawulo lwe-inventri, iimeko ezifuna ukuskena nganye nganye, njalo njalo.

Ngoko ke, ukhetho lokusebenzisa i-RFID okanye ikhowudi yebhakhowudi kufuneka isekelwe kwiimeko ezithile kunye neemfuno. Kwisidingo sokufunda ngokufanelekileyo, ngokukhawuleza, umgama omde wolwazi oluninzi, i-RFID inokufaneleka ngakumbi; kunye nesidingo seendleko eziphantsi, kulula ukusebenzisa iimeko, ikhowudi yebha inokuthi ifaneleke ngakumbi.

Ngelixa itekhnoloji yeRFID ineengenelo ezininzi, ayizukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo iikhowudi zebha. Zombini ibhakhowudi kunye neteknoloji yeRFID ineengenelo zazo ezizodwa kunye neemeko ezisebenzayo.

Ibhakhowudi yitekhnoloji yokuchonga eyongayo kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi, ebhetyebhetye kwaye esebenzayo, esetyenziswa kakhulu kurhwebo, ulungiselelo kunye neminye imimandla. Nangona kunjalo, inomthamo omncinci wokugcinwa kwedatha, enokugcina kuphela ikhowudi, umthamo omncinci wokugcina ulwazi, kwaye inokugcina amanani kuphela, isiNgesi, abalinganiswa, kunye nobuninzi bolwazi lwe-128 ASCII codes. Xa kusetyenziswa, kuyimfuneko ukufunda igama lekhowudi egciniweyo ukubiza idatha kwinethiwekhi yekhompyutheni ukuze ichongwe.

Itekhnoloji yeRFID, kwelinye icala, inomthamo omkhulu wogcino lwedatha kwaye inokulandelelwa umva kumjikelezo wobomi beyunithi nganye yezinto. Isekelwe kwitekhnoloji yamaza kanomathotholo kwaye inokubhalwa ngekhowudi okanye i-password-ikhuselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha ikhuselekile kwaye ikhuselekile. Iithegi zeRFID zinokufakwa ngekhowudi kwaye zinokufundwa, zihlaziywe, kwaye zisebenze kunye nolunye ujongano lwangaphandle ukuvelisa utshintshiselwano lwedatha.

Ke ngoko, ngelixa itekhnoloji yeRFID ineengenelo ezininzi, ayizukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo iikhowudi zebha. Kwiimeko ezininzi zesicelo, ezi zimbini zinokuncedisana kwaye zisebenze kunye ukuqonda ukuchongwa okuzenzekelayo kunye nokulandelwa kwezinto.

Iileyibhile zeRFID zinokugcina iintlobo ezininzi zolwazi, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga koku kulandelayo:

Iithegi zeRFID zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga apho:

1. ULungiselelo: Iinkampani zoLungiselelo zingasebenzisa iithegi zeRFID ukulandelela iimpahla, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezothutho kunye nokuchaneka, kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezingcono zolungiselelo kubathengi.

2. Ukuthengisa: abathengisi banokusebenzisa iithegi zeRFID ukulandelela uluhlu, indawo yemveliso kunye nokuthengisa, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokulawula.

3. Ukuthengisa: Abathengisi basebenzisa iithegi zeRFID kulawulo lwe-inventri, ulawulo lwempahla kunye nokuthintela ubusela. Zisetyenziswa ziivenkile zempahla, iivenkile ezinkulu, abathengisi bombane kunye namanye amashishini akwishishini lokuthengisa.

4. Ulawulo lwempahla: Iithegi zeRFID zisetyenziselwa ukulandelwa kwempahla kunye nolawulo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Imibutho izisebenzisa ukulandelela izinto ezixabisekileyo, izixhobo, izixhobo kunye noluhlu lwempahla. Amashishini afana nokwakha, i-IT, imfundo kunye nee-arhente zikarhulumente zisebenzisa iithegi zeRFID kulawulo lwempahla.

5. Amathala eencwadi: iithegi zeRFID zisetyenziswa kumathala eencwadi ukuze kulawuleke ngokufanelekileyo iincwadi kuquka ukuboleka, ukuboleka kunye nolawulo lwempahla.

Iithegi ze-RFID zinokusetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na imeko yesicelo apho izinto kufuneka zilandelelwe, zichongwe kwaye zilawulwe. Ngenxa yoko, iithegi zeRFID zisetyenziswa ngamashishini amaninzi ahlukeneyo kunye nemibutho, kubandakanya iinkampani zolungiselelo, abathengisi, izibhedlele, abavelisi, amathala eencwadi, kunye nokunye.

Ixabiso leethegi ze-RFID liyahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwinani lezinto, ezifana nohlobo lwethegi, ubungakanani bayo, uluhlu lokufunda, umthamo wememori, nokuba ifuna iikhowudi zokubhala okanye ufihlo, njalo njalo.
Ngokubanzi, iithegi ze-RFID zinoluhlu olubanzi lwamaxabiso, anokuqala ukusuka kwiisenti ezimbalwa ukuya kumashumi ambalwa eedola, kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ezinye iithegi ze-RFID eziqhelekileyo, ezifana neethegi ze-RFID eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kurhwebo kunye nolungiselelo, ngokuqhelekileyo zibiza phakathi kweesenti ezimbalwa kunye needola ezimbalwa. Kwaye ezinye iithegi ze-RFID ezisebenza kakhulu, ezifana neethegi ze-RFID ezisebenza rhoqo zokulandelela kunye nolawulo lwempahla, zinokubiza ngaphezulu.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ixabiso lethegi ye-RFID ayilona xabiso kuphela. Kukho ezinye iindleko ezinxulumene nokuqwalaselwa xa uhambisa kunye nokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-RFID, njengexabiso labafundi kunye ne-eriyali, iindleko zokuprinta kunye nokufaka iithegi, iindleko zokudityaniswa kwenkqubo kunye nophuhliso lwesoftware, njalo njalo. Ke ngoko, xa ukhetha iithegi zeRFID, kufuneka ucinge ngexabiso leethegi kunye nezinye iindleko ezinxulumene noko ukuze ukhethe uhlobo lwethegi kunye nomthengisi ozilungeleyo iimfuno zakho.