I-RFID, igama eliphelele I-Radio Frequency Identification. Iwubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza obuzenzakalelayo obungaxhunywanwa nabo obukhomba ngokuzenzakalelayo izinto okuqondiwe futhi buthole idatha efanele ngamasignali amafrikhwensi omsakazo. Umsebenzi wokuhlonza awudingi ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla futhi ungasebenza ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezinokhahlo. Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bungahlonza izinto ezihamba ngesivinini esiphezulu futhi buhlonze amathegi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, kwenze ukusebenza kusheshe futhi kube lula.

I-RFID (I-Radio Frequency Identification) ithegi iwubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza obuzenzakalelayo obungathintani nabo obuhlonza ngokuzenzakalelayo izinto eziqondiwe futhi buthole idatha efanele ngamasignali amafrikhwensi omsakazo. Umsebenzi wokuhlonza awudingi ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla. Laba bomaki bavamise ukuba nomaka, izinti, nabafundi. Umfundi uthumela isignali yefrikhwensi yomsakazo wefrikhwensi ethile ngothi. Lapho ithegi ingena endaweni kazibuthe, i-current induced ikhiqizwa ukuze kutholwe amandla futhi kuthunyelwe ulwazi olugcinwe ku-chip kumfundi. Umfundi ufunda imininingwane, ayihlukanise, futhi ayithumele kukhompyutha. Uhlelo luyayicubungula.

Ilebula ye-RFID isebenza kanje:

1. Ngemva kokuba ilebula ye-RFID ingene endaweni kazibuthe, ithola isignali yefrikhwensi yomsakazo ethunyelwa ngumfundi we-RFID.

2. Sebenzisa amandla atholwe ku-current eyengelwe ukuthumela ulwazi lomkhiqizo olugcinwe ku-chip (I-Passive RFID Tag), noma uthumele ngokuqhubekayo isignali yefrikhwensi ethile (i-Active RFID Tag).

3. Ngemva kokuba umfundi efunde futhi enquma ulwazi, luthunyelwa ohlelweni lolwazi olumaphakathi ukuze kucutshungulwe idatha efanele.

Uhlelo lwe-RFID oluyisisekelo luqukethe izingxenye ezintathu:

1. I-RFID Tag: Yakhiwa izingxenye zokuhlanganisa nama-chips. Ithegi ngayinye ye-RFID inekhodi ye-elekthronikhi ehlukile futhi inamathiselwe entweni ukuhlonza into eqondiwe. Ngokuvamile kwaziwa ngokuthi omaka be-electronic noma omaka abahlakaniphile.

2. I-RFID Antenna: idlulisa amasignali amafrikhwensi omsakazo phakathi kwamathegi nabafundi.

Ngokuvamile, umgomo wokusebenza we-RFID uwukudlulisa isignali yefrikhwensi yomsakazo kumaka ngokusebenzisa uthi, bese umaka esebenzisa amandla atholwe amandla amanje ukuze athumele ulwazi lomkhiqizo olugcinwe ku-chip. Ekugcineni, umfundi ufunda imininingwane, ayihlukanise futhi ayithumele kumasistimu olwazi amaphakathi enza ukucubungula idatha.

Omaka be-RFID bavamise ukuba nezindawo zokugcina ezihlukene noma izingxenye ezingagcina izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlonza nedatha. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zenkumbulo ezivame ukutholakala kumathegi e-RFID yilezi:

1. I-TID (Isihlonzi somaka): I-TID yisihlonzi esiyingqayizivele esinikezwe umkhiqizi womaka. Inkumbulo efundwayo kuphela equkethe inombolo yesiriyali ehlukile nolunye ulwazi oluqondene nethegi, njengekhodi yomkhiqizi noma imininingwane yenguqulo. I-TID ayikwazi ukushintshwa noma ibhalwe phezu.

2. I-EPC (Ikhodi Yomkhiqizo Kagesi): Imemori ye-EPC isetshenziselwa ukugcina isihlonzi esiyingqayizivele emhlabeni wonke (EPC) somkhiqizo ngamunye noma into. Ihlinzeka ngamakhodi afundeka nge-elekthronikhi ahlonza ngokukhethekile futhi alandelele izinto ngazinye ngaphakathi kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka noma isistimu yokuphatha yokusungula.

3. Inkumbulo YOMSEBENZISI: Inkumbulo yomsebenzisi iyindawo yokugcina echazwe umsebenzisi kumaka we-RFID engasetshenziswa ukugcina idatha eyenziwe ngokwezifiso noma ulwazi ngokuya ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile noma izidingo. Ngokuvamile inkumbulo efundwayo, evumela abasebenzisi abagunyaziwe ukuthi baguqule idatha. Usayizi wememori yomsebenzisi uyahluka kuye ngezicaciso zethegi.

4. Imemori Egciniwe: Imemori egodliwe ibhekisela engxenyeni yesikhala senkumbulo yethegi ebekelwe ukusetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo noma izinjongo ezikhethekile. Ingase igcinwe umkhiqizi welebula esicini esizayo noma ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza noma izidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Usayizi nokusetshenziswa kwememori egodliwe kungase kuhluke ngokusekelwe ekwakhiweni komaki nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lwenkumbulo namandla ayo kungase kwehluke phakathi kwamamodeli wethegi ye-RFID, njengoba ithegi ngayinye ingase ibe nokuhlelwa kwayo kwenkumbulo okuhlukile.

Mayelana nobuchwepheshe be-RFID, i-UHF ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa amasistimu e-RFID angasebenzi. Omaka be-UHF RFID nabafundi basebenza kumafrikhwensi aphakathi kuka-860 MHz no-960 MHz. Amasistimu e-UHF RFID anobubanzi obude bokufunda kanye namazinga edatha aphezulu kunezinhlelo ze-RFID zefrikhwensi ephansi. Lawa mathegi abonakala ngosayizi omncane, isisindo esilula, ukuqina okuphezulu, isivinini sokufunda/ukubhala ngokushesha kanye nokuphepha okuphezulu, okungahlangabezana nezidingo zezicelo zebhizinisi ezinkulu futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuphathwa kwe-supply chain kanye nezinzuzo ezindaweni ezifana ne-anti. -ukwenziwa komgunyathi nokulandeleka. Ngakho-ke, zifaneleka kahle izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokuphathwa kwempahla, ukulandelela impahla nokulawula ukufinyelela.

I-EPCglobal iyibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe phakathi kwe-International Association for Article Numbering (EAN) kanye ne-United States Uniform Code Council (UCC). Kuyinhlangano engenzi nzuzo egunyazwe imboni futhi inesibopho ngezinga lomhlaba jikelele lenethiwekhi ye-EPC ukuhlonza ngokushesha, ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokunembile izimpahla ku-supply chain. Inhloso ye-EPCglobal ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwamanethiwekhi e-EPC emhlabeni jikelele.

I-EPC (Ikhodi Yomkhiqizo Kagesi) iyinkomba ehlukile enikezwe umkhiqizo ngamunye oshumekwe kumaka we-RFID (I-Radio Frequency Identification).

Umgomo wokusebenza we-EPC ungachazwa kalula ngokuthi: ukuxhuma izinto kumathegi kagesi ngobuchwepheshe be-RFID, kusetshenziswa amaza omsakazo ukudlulisa idatha nokuhlonza. Uhlelo lwe-EPC ngokuyinhloko luqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: omaka, abafundi kanye nezikhungo zokucubungula idatha. Amathegi awumongo wesistimu ye-EPC.Anamathiselwe ezintweni futhi aphethe ukuhlonza okuyingqayizivele nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezinto. Umfundi uxhumana nethegi ngamaza omsakazo futhi afunde ulwazi olugcinwe kuthegi. Isikhungo sokucubungula idatha sisetshenziselwa ukwamukela, ukugcina nokucubungula idatha efundwa omaka.

Izinhlelo ze-EPC zinikeza izinzuzo ezinjengokuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe kwempahla, umzamo owenziwe ngesandla oncishisiwe ekulandeleni imikhiqizo, imisebenzi esheshayo nenembe kakhudlwana yochungechunge lokunikezela, kanye nesitifiketi somkhiqizo esithuthukisiwe. Ifomethi yayo emisiwe ikhuthaza ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamasistimu ahlukene futhi yenza ukuhlanganiswa okungenazihibe phakathi kwezimboni ezihlukahlukene.

I-EPC Gen 2, emfushane ye-Electronic Product Code Generation 2, iyindinganiso ethile yomaka be-RFID nabafundi. I-EPC Gen 2 iyindinganiso yokusebenzelana komoya entsha egunyazwe i-EPCglobal, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo yokumisa inzuzo, ngo-2004 ekhulula amalungu e-EPCglobal namayunithi asayine isivumelwano se-EPCglobal IP ezinkokhelweni zelungelo lobunikazi. Leli zinga liyisisekelo senethiwekhi ye-EPCglobal yobuchwepheshe be-radio frequency identification (RFID), i-inthanethi kanye ne-Electronic Product Code (EPC).

Kungelinye lamazinga amukelwa kabanzi obuchwepheshe be-RFID, ikakhulukazi ku-supply chain nasezinhlelweni zokudayisa.

I-EPC Gen 2 iyingxenye yezinga le-EPCglobal, elihlose ukuhlinzeka ngendlela emisiwe yokuhlonza nokulandelela imikhiqizo kusetshenziswa i-RFID. Ichaza izimiso zokuxhumana kanye nemingcele yomaka be-RFID nabafundi, iqinisekisa ukusebenzisana nokuhambisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi abahlukene.

I-ISO 18000-6 iphrothokholi yokusebenzelana komoya eyakhiwe yi-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ukuze isetshenziswe nobuchwepheshe be-RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). Icacisa izindlela zokuxhumana kanye nemithetho yokudlulisa idatha phakathi kwabafundi be-RFID namathegi.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-ISO 18000-6, okuyi-ISO 18000-6C esetshenziswa kakhulu. I-ISO 18000-6C iveza iphrothokholi yokusebenzelana komoya yezinhlelo ze-UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-EPC Gen2 (I-Electronic Product Code Generation 2), iyindinganiso esetshenziswa kakhulu yezinhlelo ze-UHF RFID.

I-ISO 18000-6C ichaza izivumelwano zokuxhumana, izakhiwo zedatha namasethi womyalo asetshenziselwa ukuxhumana phakathi komaki be-UHF RFID nabafundi. Icacisa ukusetshenziswa komaka be-UHF RFID abangenzi lutho, abangadingi umthombo wamandla wangaphakathi futhi esikhundleni salokho bancike emandleni adluliselwa esuka kumfundi ukuze asebenze.

Iphrothokholi ye-ISO 18000-6 inohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, futhi ingasetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi njengokuphathwa kwempahla, ukulandelela uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, ukulwa nokukhwabanisa kwempahla, kanye nokuphathwa kwabasebenzi. Ngokusebenzisa iphrothokholi ye-ISO 18000-6, ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bungasetshenziswa ezimeni ezahlukahlukene ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlonza nokulandelelwa kwezinto ngokushesha nangokunembile.

I-RFID nebhakhodi zinezinzuzo zazo kanye nezigcawu ezisebenzayo, akukho nzuzo ephelele kanye nokubi. I-RFID ingcono ngempela kunebhakhodi kwezinye izici, isibonelo:

1. Umthamo wesitoreji: Amathegi e-RFID angagcina ulwazi olwengeziwe, okuhlanganisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwento, ulwazi lwesibaluli, ulwazi lokukhiqiza, ulwazi lokusatshalaliswa. Lokhu kwenza i-RFID isebenze kakhulu ekuphatheni izinto kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla, futhi ingalandelelwa emuva kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo wento ngayinye.

2. Isivinini sokufunda: Amathegi e-RFID afundeka ngokushesha, angafunda amathegi amaningi kuskena, athuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle.

3. Ukufunda okungaxhunywanga: Omaka be-RFID basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe befrikhwensi yomsakazo, bangabona ukufunda okungathintana naye. Ibanga phakathi komfundi nomaka lingaba phakathi kwamamitha ambalwa, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuqondisa ithegi ngokuqondile, ingabona ukufundwa kweqoqo nokufunda ibanga elide.

4. Umbhalo wekhodi nokuvuselelwa ngamandla: Omaka be-RFID bangafakwa ikhodi, okuvumela idatha ukuthi igcinwe futhi ibuyekezwe. Isimo nolwazi lwendawo lwezinto lungarekhodwa kuthegi ngesikhathi sangempela, esiza ukulandelela nokuphatha izinto kanye nempahla ngesikhathi sangempela. Amabhakhodi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amile futhi awakwazi ukuvuselela noma ukuguqula idatha ngemva kokuskena.

5. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu nokuqina: Omaka be-RFID ngokuvamile banokwethenjelwa okuphezulu nokuhlala isikhathi eside futhi bangasebenza ezindaweni ezinzima ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umswakama kanye nokungcola. Omaka bangafakwa ezintweni eziqinile ukuze kuvikelwe ithegi ngokwayo. Amabhakhodi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, asengozini yokulimala, njengokuklwebheka, ukuphuka noma ukungcoliswa, okungase kubangele ukuthi angafundeki noma afundeke kabi.

Nokho, amabhakhodi anezinzuzo zawo, njengezindleko eziphansi, ukuguquguquka, kanye nokulula. Kwezinye izimo, amabhakhodi angase afaneleke kakhulu, njengokuhlelwa kwezinto ezincane kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla, izimo ezidinga ukuskena ngayinye ngayinye, njalo njalo.

Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha ukusebenzisa i-RFID noma ibhakhodi kufanele kusekelwe ezimweni ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza nezidingo. Esidingweni sokufunda kahle, okusheshayo, nokude kwenani elikhulu lolwazi, i-RFID ingase ifaneleke kakhulu; futhi esidingweni sezindleko eziphansi, izimo ezisebenziseka kalula, ibhakhodi ingase ifaneleke kakhulu.

Nakuba ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bunezinzuzo eziningi, ngeke buthathe indawo yamakhodi amabha ngokuphelele. Kokubili ubuchwepheshe bebhakhodi nobuchwepheshe be-RFID bunezinzuzo ezihlukile kanye nezimo ezisebenzayo.

Ibhakhodi iwubuchwepheshe bokuhlonza obuyongayo futhi obushibhile, obuvumelana nezimo futhi obusebenzayo, obusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezokudayisa, ezokuthutha kanye neminye imikhakha. Kodwa-ke, inomthamo omncane wokugcina idatha, engagcina ikhodi kuphela, umthamo omncane wokugcina ulwazi, futhi ingagcina izinombolo kuphela, isiNgisi, izinhlamvu, kanye nokuminyana kolwazi okuphezulu kwamakhodi angu-128 ASCII. Uma isetshenziswa, kuyadingeka ukufunda igama lekhodi eligciniwe ukuze ushayele idatha kunethiwekhi yekhompyutha ukuze ikhonjwe.

Ubuchwepheshe be-RFID, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bunomthamo omkhulu kakhulu wokugcina idatha futhi bungalandelelwa emuva kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo weyunithi ngayinye yezinto ezibonakalayo. Isekelwe kubuchwepheshe befrikhwensi yomsakazo futhi ingabhalwa ngekhodi noma ivikelwe ngephasiwedi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi idatha iphephile futhi ivikelekile. Amathegi e-RFID angafakwa ngekhodi futhi angafundwa, avuselelwe, futhi asebenze nezinye izixhumi ezibonakalayo zangaphandle ukuze kukhiqizwe ukushintshana kwedatha.

Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi ubuchwepheshe be-RFID bunezinzuzo eziningi, ngeke buthathe indawo yamakhodi amabha ngokuphelele. Ezimweni eziningi zohlelo lokusebenza, okubili kungaphelelisana futhi kusebenze ndawonye ukuze kubonakale ukuhlonza okuzenzakalelayo nokulandelela izinto.

Amalebula e-RFID angagcina izinhlobo eziningi zolwazi, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini kulokhu okulandelayo:

Amathegi e-RFID asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi kodwa engagcini nje:

1. Ukuhlelwa Kwezinto: Izinkampani zeLogistics zingasebenzisa omaka be-RFID ukuze zilandelele izimpahla, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha nokunemba, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezingcono zokuthutha kumakhasimende.

2. Ukuthengisa: abathengisi bangasebenzisa omaka be-RFID ukulandelela i-inventory, indawo yomkhiqizo nokuthengiswa, futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokuphatha.

3. Ukudayisa: Abathengisi basebenzisa amathegi e-RFID ekuphathweni kwempahla, ukulawulwa kwempahla kanye nokuvimbela ukweba. Zisetshenziswa izitolo zezingubo, izitolo ezinkulu, abathengisi bezinto zikagesi kanye namanye amabhizinisi embonini yokudayisa.

4. Ukuphathwa kwempahla: Omaka be-RFID basetshenziselwa ukulandelela nokuphatha impahla ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlangano ziwasebenzisela ukulandelela izimpahla ezibalulekile, okokusebenza, amathuluzi kanye nempahla. Izimboni ezifana nezokwakha, i-IT, ezemfundo nama-ejensi kahulumeni zisebenzisa omaka be-RFID ekulawuleni impahla.

5. Imitapo yolwazi: Amathegi e-RFID asetshenziswa emitatsheni yolwazi ukuze kuphathwe kahle izincwadi okuhlanganisa ukuboleka, ukuboleka kanye nokulawulwa kwempahla.

Omaka be-RFID bangasetshenziswa kunoma yisiphi isimo sohlelo lapho izinto zidinga ukulandelelwa, zikhonjwe futhi ziphathwe. Ngenxa yalokho, amathegi e-RFID asetshenziswa yizimboni nezinhlangano eziningi ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinkampani zempahla, abathengisi, izibhedlela, abakhiqizi, imitapo yolwazi, nokuningi.

Intengo yamathegi e-RFID iyahlukahluka kuye ngenani lezici, njengohlobo lwethegi, usayizi wayo, ibanga lokufunda, umthamo wenkumbulo, noma ngabe idinga amakhodi okubhala noma ukubethela, njalonjalo.
Ngokuvamile, amathegi e-RFID anenani elibanzi lamanani, angasukela kumasenti ambalwa kuye kwamashumi ambalwa amadola, kuye ngokusebenza kwawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo. Abanye omaka abajwayelekile be-RFID, njengamathegi e-RFID ajwayelekile asetshenziswa ekuthengiseni nasekuphatheni, ngokuvamile abiza phakathi kwamasenti ambalwa namadola ambalwa. Futhi abanye omaka be-RFID abasebenza kahle kakhulu, njengamathegi e-RFID emvamisa ephezulu yokulandelela nokuphathwa kwempahla, angabiza ngaphezulu.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi intengo yethegi ye-RFID akuyona ukuphela kwezindleko. Kunezinye izindleko ezihambisanayo okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kuthunyelwa futhi kusetshenziswa isistimu ye-RFID, njengezindleko zokufunda nama-antenna, izindleko zokuphrinta nokusebenzisa amathegi, izindleko zokuhlanganiswa kwesistimu nokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe, njalonjalo. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha omaka be-RFID, udinga ukucabangela intengo yomaka nezinye izindleko ezihlobene ukuze ukhethe uhlobo lomaki nomnikezeli ovumelana kangcono nezidingo zakho.